rare earth science

Rare Earth - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dezhi Qi, in Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earths, 2018. 7.2.1.4 Air Oxidization in Calcination. Rare earth oxides are normally obtained by calcining rare earth hydroxides, rare earth oxalates, rare earth carbonates and so on salts, cerium is also simultaneously oxidized to be CeO 2 in calcination. The calcination temperature controlled in the range of 700–800°C can make rare earth oxides with ...

Science of Rare Earth Elements | Science History Institute

Introduction The rare earth elements are 17 metallic elements found in the middle of the periodic table. Some of the rare earth elements have unusual magnetic, luminescent, and electrical properties that make them valuable for industrial applications and in manufactured products. But because these elements have a very similar electron structure (as explained in "Producing the

History and Future of Rare Earth Elements | Science ...

Rare earth elements are likely to remain an important part of our future—from quantum computing and material sciences, to medical applications and advances in green technology. They are essential in efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions enough to avoid …

Science of Rare Earth Elements | Science History Institute

Rare earth. In a verdant woodland on the Calhoun Experimental Forest in South Carolina, soil scientist Daniel Richter peers into a gash in the ground. It's a kind of earthen operating room, where researchers have sliced open the soil to examine its subterranean profile. In the layers of sand and clay, Richter sees telltale signs of past ...

Rare-Earth Elements

Rare-earth concentrates, intermediate compounds, and individual oxides were available from stocks. Rare earth deposits in the United States, Canada, Australia, and South Africa could be mined by 2014.

rare-earth element | Uses, Properties, & Facts | Britannica

rare-earth element, any member of the group of chemical elements consisting of three elements in Group 3 (scandium [Sc], yttrium [Y], and lanthanum [La]) and the first extended row of elements below the main body of the periodic table (cerium [Ce] through lutetium [Lu]). The elements cerium through lutetium are called the lanthanides, but many scientists also, though incorrectly, call those ...

Rare Earth Science, LLC | LinkedIn

Rare Earth Science, LLC | 42 followers on LinkedIn. Natural-resource planning & environmental consulting for land conservation, government, non-profit, extractive industry, law firm, and financial ...

What are rare earth elements, and why are they important ...

Rare earth elements are an essential part of many high-tech devices. The U.S. Geological Survey news release "Going Critical" explains: "Rare-earth elements (REE) are necessary components of more than 200 products across a wide range of applications, especially high-tech consumer products, such as cellular telephones, computer hard drives ...

Rare earth | Science

Rare earth. In a verdant woodland on the Calhoun Experimental Forest in South Carolina, soil scientist Daniel Richter peers into a gash in the ground. It's a kind of earthen operating room, where researchers have sliced open the soil to examine its subterranean profile. In the layers of sand and clay, Richter sees telltale signs of past ...

Rare Earths | ScienceDirect

Abstract. In 2014, ~ 90% of rare earth production originates in the mines of Inner Mongolia, China.High-purity (99.9 mass%) rare earth compounds (e.g., oxides) are produced from these ores by physical concentration, leaching, solution purification, solvent extraction separation, and individual rare earth compound precipitation.About 40% of all rare earth production is used in metallic form ...

Rare Earth Hypothesis – Planetary Sciences, Inc.

The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term "Rare Earth" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist.

Rare Earths: Science, Technology, Production and Use

8.2 Degrees of Oxidation of Rare Earths.....131 8.2.1 The metallic state .....131

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effects of Rare ...

Rare earth elements (REEs) of low concentration are usually beneficial to plant growth, while they are toxic at high concentrations. The effects of treatment with lanthanum (La) (10 and 20 μM), cerium (Ce) (10 and 20 μM), and terbium (Tb) (10 and 20 μM) on seedling growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which is one of the most important perennial leguminous forages in the world, were studied.

Science at Work: Blocking threats to supplies of rare ...

From phones to fighter jets, a range of devices and machines rely on rare earth elements that are mined and refined largely in China. Rare earth elements are...

Rare Earth Science

James Armstrong: Dawn Reeder: PO Box 222. Gunnison, CO 81230. 38696 Fruitland Mesa Road. Crawford, CO 81415. 970.641.1144: 970.527.8445