electrowinning energy consumption platinum

Electrowinning - Wikipedia

Electrowinning, also called electroextraction, is the electrodeposition of metals from their ores that have been put in solution via a process commonly referred to as leaching. Electrorefining uses a similar process to remove impurities from a metal. Both processes use electroplating on a large scale and are important techniques for the economical and straightforward purification of non ...

Energy Use in Metal Production

Energy is consumed at all stages in the production of primary metals – mining, beneficiation ... (leaching, smelting, electrowinning, etc) contribute the largest component and mining the least. The main factors determining the embodied energy content of primary metals are: the stability of the minerals from which the metal is produced ...

Using fuel cells or anode depolarization to reduce ...

Some existing and proposed metal electrowinning plant sites have hydrogen available to reduce the need for purchased energy. Hydrogen can reduce the energy consumption of electrowinning processes by depolarizing the anode; alternatively, it can be used in a fuel cell to generate dc electricity and heat at high efficiency. The use of H2 to depolarize an anode in zinc electrowinning has been ...

Energy savings by means of fuel-cell electrodes in ...

A pretreatment protocol for improvement in the performance of Prototech's zinc electrowinning cell with purification of the Zn SO4 feed solution, was developed. Measurable improvements in cell voltage and current efficiency, and a reduction in energy consumption was obtained. The anode operating potential determination together with the overall (anode-to-cathode) cell potential, evaluate cell ...

CORE

Electrowinning is an energy demanding process, in which the electrolysis accounts for the major part of the energy consumption. The anodic reaction in the electrolysis of zinc from sulphate based electrolytes is oxygen evolution, which has a standard potential of 1.23 V at 25 ºC. ... whereas a platinum coated titanium was the most stable ...

Aqueous Processing of Metals - Jari Aromaa - - Major ...

Sulfate‐based Nickel Electrowinning; Chloride‐based Nickel Electrowinning; Nickel Electrolyte Purification; Zinc Production Electrodeposition of Zinc; Energy Consumption; Zinc Electrowinning Practice; Noble Metals Gold; Silver; Platinum‐group …

2.0 Activation Overpotential - IIT Kanpur

electrode. For example, in copper electrowinning, we would define rate in terms of Cu2+. To define the rate of consumption of Pn+ ions, conduct a mass balance on a small control volume adjacent to the cathode (see Fig. 2.3). The left face of the control volume is slightly inside the cathode. Fig. 2.3.

OPTIMIZING THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF GOLD …

added. The steel consumption is 1 kg per ton of ore. This causes the iron content to increase in the circuit and get deposited with other base metals in the final product if the elution and electrowinning processes are not well controlled. The base metals tend to leach out in cyanide and are loaded on the carbon. Adsorbed base metals in

(PDF) Gold electrowinning from diluted cyanide liquors ...

efficiency is increased fro m 0.7% to 1.1% and the energy consumption dro ps from 140 kWh kg-1 to about 60 kWh kg -1 . T his behaviour should be due to the increase in the electro lyte conductiv ...

(PDF) Zinc Electrowinning Using Reactive Electrodialysis ...

EXPERIMENTAL The diagram in Figure 2.1 shows the system used for testing of Zinc electro-winning using the RED method. Figure 1.1.Schematic diagram of Zinc production.1 This process is performed using the electrochemical reactions of water oxidation on a lead anode2,3,4 and zinc reduction in a solution on an aluminum cathode.Within the zinc ...

Electrowinning Anodes - SAGA Titanium Anode

In the electrowinning industry, lead dioxide anode and Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) anode are the two common choices. However, the lead dioxide anode are found of these disadvantages: heavy environmental pollution, high energy consumption, fragile, lead waste, hardly to produce into various shapes, coating is easily to drop off.

SX EW Capital & Operating Cost of Solvent Extraction ...

Power Consumption. The electrowinning process is power intensive, thus, current efficiency is very important, especially where power costs are high or where a more efficient use of power yields increased copper production. Current efficiencies in the high 80 to low 90% range are normal and most EW plants surveyed operate in this range.

Electrowinning of Platinum Using a Modified Cyclone Reactor

2 V considering the energy consumption. Increas-ing the electrolyte flow promoted the rate of re-moval of platinum from the solution significantly, and 90% of platinum in solution was recovered within an hour under optimum condition. Finally, the electrowinning of platinum using a modified cyclone reactor is a prospective process for pre-

SIN O OPP R L TROWINNIN IRUIT USIN ONV NTIONAL LLS

platinum or ruthenium oxide. DSA are chemically stable and do not introduce impurities into the cell. DSA is very expensive due to the precious metals used in manufacturing [1]. The use of starter sheet begins with the copper electrowinning technology. The starter sheets demands more work for manufacturing and using in the cell-house.

Kinetics Mechanism of Gold Electrowinning

Gold electrodeposition experiments were realized using an electrolysis cell, provided· by a rotary disk of vitreous carbon and or' platinum counter electrode of platinum mesh and reference electrode. Using an automatic measurement system voltarnmograrns and Nyquist faradaic impedance spectra were obtained.

PLATIRUS | PGM Recycling

The process has a low energy consumption, for example ~2-6 kWh kg –1 of materials recovered, when compared with electrowinning platinum from chloride media reported at 21 kWh kg –1 platinum . Finally, it is efficient, i.e. 50% current efficiency for the …

An Explanation for Zinc Electrowinning Process

The electrical energy consumption in the electrowinning process is approximately 80% of the power requirement for the entire zinc refinery process. The electrowinning process is operated under constant current density, therefore, the EW cell potential determines the energy consumption of …

The zinc electrowinning energy consumption and energy ...

The above system of the zinc electrowinning process, this study proposes the the zinc electrowinning energy saving some specific measures: (1) to optimize system parameters, that is, when the test conditions must, Zn2 concentration of 52g / L sulfuric acid concentration of 134g / L, the minimum power consumption for 2961.344kW · h / t zinc.

Energy Efficiency & Copper Hydrometallurgy

Energy Consumption vs. Head Grade 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 0.00% 0.25% 0.50% 0.75% 1.00% 1.25% 1.50% Ore Head Grade (% Cu) Cu) ROM Leach SXEW Crush Leach SXEW SABC Smelt HPGR Smelt SABC HT Con-Leach SABC MT Con-Leach HPGR MT Con-Leach Total energy consumption as a function of ore head grade for various ...

Energy efficient copper electrowinning and direct ...

The energy consumption in the industrial solution when no stirring is applied is low when compared with previous reports on electrowinning from dilute wastewaters (Gorgievski et al., 2009, Cooper and Mishra, 1987, Peng et al., 2011) and on par with actual industrial EW values (Schlesinger et al., 2011). This result confirms that the presence of ...

Application of membrane technology in a base metal refinery

electrowinning and purges sodium from the base metal refinery in the form of sodium sulphate at the Rustenburg Base Metals Refinery (RBMR). Currently a nickel-rich solution from the leaching circuit is fed to the nickel electrowinning circuit at approximately 90 g/l Ni2+(aq) at a pH of around 3.5 (Crundwell et al., 2011). Energy expenses

Energy considerations in electrohydrometallurgy ...

Factors affecting energy consumption in electrohydrometallurgical processes are reviewed. The review shows that increasing the throughput of electrolytic cells requires increasing electrical energy consumption per unit weight of product but a reduction in heating requirements results. For high current density electrowinning considerable ...

Copper electrowinning: theoretical and practical design

COPPER ELECTROWINNING: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL DESIGN 213 Introduction The electrowinning of copper ions derived from leaching, or solvent extraction is a significant contributor to the global copper commodity supply. The process of electrolysis for copper was first developed in the late 19th century and despite numerous advancements in ...

Alternate Anode Reaction for Copper Electrowinning

The cell voltages applied for this process are high and because energy consumption is directly ... research project included a large pilot-plant scale process demonstration at a commercial electrowinning plant. The energy required to produce copper using the FFS process instead of present electrowinning ... and exfoliated) and platinum ...

Energy Saving in Copper Electrowinning - OneMine

"The energy consumption of copper production by electrowinning, generally represents more than 1/4 of the total energy requirement in hydrometallurgical traditional process (roasting, leaching, purification and electrowinning). The considerable saving can be achieved just in this step that requires about 2.2 kWhlkg of the produced copper.

Health and environmental impacts of gold and platinum ...

Dust, energy consumption Energy and water consumption, slurry of fine rock and chemicals deposited on slimes dams. Dust, water pollution Smelting and refining Recovering platinum from concentrate Air pollution (dust, sulphur dioxide). Energy consumption (electric arc furnace, electrowinning)

Base Metal Electrowinning | De Nora - Electrode and Water ...

Since 1972, De Nora continues to improve mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode coatings to better serve base-metal electrowinning. Today there are more than 50,000 De Nora DSA ® anodes installed in electrowinning tankhouses and recovery operation plants worldwide. These highly efficient electrowinning tankhouses excel at providing optimum quality for recovering metal.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTROWINNING OF COPPER …

In electrowinning tests, copper deposits from the lead anode cell showed the presence of lead oxide. Furthermore, it was observed that, despite both mesh anodes (DSA 1 and DSA 2) exhibiting the lowest total energy consumption, they had the highest energy consumption per kilogramme of copper produced. The DSA 1 plate anode had the

Electrorefining of Copper

Electrorefining is a much more common process than electrowinning and such plants occur throughout the world on scales between 1000-100,000 ton/year. ... Specific electrolytic energy consumption is relatively low, around 0.22 kWh/kg cathode copper, which …

(PDF) Nickel laterite processing and electrowinning ...

Taylor (1995) de- preparation stage while the actual refining consumes scribed the electrolytic theory for nickel and cobalt huge amounts of electrical energy as compared to pro- electrowinning in a sulphate medium, investigated plat- cessing of sulphide deposits for base metals.

RECYCLING OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS FROM …

with less energy and time demands. Moreover, automotive catalysts contain further valuable ... The PGM-enriched copper is further processed by electrowinning, ... Therefore, as mentioned in the Introduction, Europe shows the highest platinum consumption. Sample 2 represents the typical platinum-rhodium ratio of 5:14. Sample 1 originates from an .

Estimates of Electricity Requirements for the Recovery of ...

These challenges are met by the application of energy to accomplish the work that includes the direct use of electricity, fossil fuel, and manual labor. The tables and analyses presented in this study contain estimates of electricity consumption for the mining and processing of ores,

Processes - Gekko Systems

Direct electrowinning is one of the pregnant solution recovery methods available and is most appropriate for high grade, low volume pregnant solutions. Gekko's electrowinning cell has been specifically designed to handle high silver-containing solutions and is highly recommended. Gekko also use OEM cells, when appropriate.