Method and apparatus for feeding particulate materials such as ores and/or concentrates and/or metal containing re-treat materials, e.g., copper concentrate metal containing slags and the like to smelting and other furnaces. A stream of particulate material and oxygen-containing gas is delivered into the furnace through the first pipe, and a mixture of fuel and oxygencontaining gas is ...
Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc concentrates (ores that contain zinc) into pure zinc. Zinc smelting has historically been more difficult than the smelting of other metals, e.g. iron, because in contrast, zinc has a low boiling point.At temperatures typically used for smelting metals, zinc is a gas that will escape from a furnace with the flue gas and be lost, unless specific ...
The final concentrate taken off the table is not suitable for direct smelting. The "lines of separation' as shown in fig. 14 (Part 5) are not always clearly defined as there is some intrusion of impurities, namely steel, into the concentrate zone and likewise some gold finds its way into the middlings.
In flash smelting, the concentrate is dispersed in an air or oxygen stream and the smelting reactions are largely completed while the mineral particles are still in flight. The reacted particles then settle in a bath at the bottom of the furnace, where they behave as does calcine in a reverberatory furnace.
Copper concentrate (CuFeS 2) is fed into the furnace along with a flux of silica sand, SiO 2, and oxygen, O 2. The flux is used to control the chemistry of the slag. In particular, it causes the iron (Fe) in the copper concentrate to accumulate in the slag phase, while the copper (Cu), accumulates in the matte phase. Copper Concentrate
Smelting platinum-containing concentrates requires about 800 kWh/tonne of concentrate, whereas smelting calcine requires about 500 kWh/tonne of calcine (Warner et al., 2007). The reasons for this difference are: (a) the feed concentrate to a PGM furnace is at ambient temperature while the nickel–copper calcine is hot, about 400 °C; and, (b)
The amount of water fed to a smelting furnace can vary from 6–16 tons per hour, with feed rates of 60–160 t/h of concentrate containing 10% water. This water in the smelting furnace adds no value; on the contrary, it adds to the cost of the process. The additional …
concentrate as feed to its furnace. As a result, the concentrate roasting process is essentially obsolete at U.S. primary copper smelting facilities. The traditional reverberatory smelting process as it exists in the U.S. involves the charging of concentrate and a siliceous flux to an externally fired smelting …
Roasting, smelting, and converting Once a concentrate has been produced containing copper and other metals of value (such as gold and silver), the next step is to remove impurity elements. In older processes the concentrate, containing between 5 and 10 percent water, is first roasted in a cylindrical, refractory-lined furnace of either the hearth or fluidized-bed type.
BASE METAL CONCENTRATE Marketing. In addition to iron, the important concentrates normally shipped to smelting plants are those of lead, copper, and zinc, so these four are the principal ones in which the average producer is interested. In treating ores of these base metals, containing gold and silver, the ore in the mine is the raw material ...
In the furnace, the concentrates are instantly oxidized, after which they melt and separate by their own reaction heat into copper matte with a grade of 65% and slag consisting of iron oxide, silica, and other compounds. Reaction in the flash smelting furnace. CuFeS 2 + SiO 2 + O 2 → Cu 2 S・FeS + 2FeO・SiO 2 + SO 2 + Reaction heat.
The former involves smelting of the ore or concentrate at high temperatures, while the latter involves leaching the ore or concentrate at relatively low temperatures, including ambient. These two broad processing paths may be broken down further into the following routes, as shown in Fig. 5, for copper and nickel ores:
It is important to mention that a silver-gold concentrate obtained by flotation has a high silver content. For example a concentrate assaying 1400 oz/t Ag and 8 oz/t Au can be smelted directly. The smelting process involves several operations, retorting, smelting and refining. Gold Alloys. The most known gold alloys are made with silver. The ...
In the smelting process, either hot calcine from the roaster or raw unroasted concentrate is melted with siliceous flux in a smelting furnace to produce copper matte. The required heat comes from partial oxidation of the sulfide charge and from burning external fuel. Most of the iron and 10/86 (Reformatted 1/95) Metallurgical Industry 12.3-1